Noun-centered Meaning (명사 중심의 의미)
우리는 red와 balloon의 의미를 안다. red ballon 이라는 구문을 이해하는 의미규칙은 풍선의 속성에 “붉은 색”이라는 속성을 첨가시킨다.
large balloon이라는 구는 달리 해석되는데, large의 의미의 일부는 그것이 상대적 개념이라는 것이기 때문이다.
a. 의미와 지
NOUNS + plural verb
the police, people, cattle
i) The police are questioning a man.
ii) Some cattle have got out into the road.
확인
(A)There are (B)roughly (C)six billion (D)peoples (E)in the world.
ꏊ (A)The military (B)has surrounded the building. (C)The crowd there (D)consist (E)of twelve women and fourteen men.
ꏊ Choose the one sentence which is correct. [변시
i's gots ta git deez here 40's to muh grannys crib yo! Knowuhimsayin yo?"
을 알아듣기 쉽게 바꾸어 보면,
I have got to get these here 40's to my grandma's crib, yo. Do you know what I'm saying? 이 된다. have got to 는 흔히 have가 생략되고 got to 혹은 gotta로 발음되며
~해야 한다는 의미이다. 위에서는 has gots ta 라고 사용되었는데 흑인영어의
제1강 문장(Sentences)
A. 문장(sentence), 절(clause), 구(phrase)
1. 문장(Sentences)
- 주어와 동사를 포함한 단어들이 모여 어떤 완전한 하나의 생각
(a complete thought)을 나타내는 독립적인 단위이다.
Our university has its own broadcasting station.
2. 절(Clause) : 역시 주어와 동사를 구비하고 있어 문장과 비슷한 성
cards or definition cards and asks students to find the relation. This is also helpful for the review.
B. Grammar at sentence level
Not only vocabulary could students learn, but also they could learn grammar at sentence level in many ways. For example, they could learn verb tense, pronoun using the words they learn as below examples. A teacher can ask them what they did or what they are
while those in (2) and (4) cannot.
2.2. Thematic Roles
※ Thematic Roles: In semantics, Thematic Roles express the semantic relations that the entities denoted by the noun phrases bear towards the action or state denoted by the verb.
Ex. The boy rolled a red ball.
agent theme
2.2.1. A List of Thematic Roles
※ AGENT: the initiator of some action, capable of acting with
Example2)
Their destination is unknown.
→ Noun
Where they are going is unknown.
→ Noun clause
A noun clause acts as follows.
① Subject of a verb:
→ What Billy did shocked his friends.
② Object of a verb:
→ Billy’s friends didn’t know that he
couldn’t swim.
③ Subject complement:
→ Billy’s mistake was
Ⅰ. 영어(영어문법)의 발달
1. 명사의 굴절의 변화
ME에서 어미의 약화 ==> OE에 나타났던 단순화 추세는 더욱 널리 확산
어형 변화의 단순화 어형 변화 종류의 감소
어형 변화 안에서 격을 표시하던 어미의 감소
어형 변화의 수 북부, 북중부 : 1개(-es)
♻
sentence (a) is grammatical because [of the riots] and [of their implication] are both Complements. Both of them are attached at the N level. Also, the sentence (b) is grammatical because [at the match] and [in the bar] are Adjuncts. Both of them are attached at the N-bar level. However, the sentence (c) is ungrammatical because [of the riots] is a Complement, whereas [in the bar] is an Adjunct.